19. Describe the application of the principles of instrumental conditioning to the therapeutic situation (behavior modification). compare and contrast classical and instrumental conditioning.
Instrumental Conditioning (operand conditioning) or Behavior Therapy: When using instrumental conditioning in therapeutic situations, one must rely on the use of reinforcement, modeling, and shaping techniques in order to help change the clients behavior. The clients behaviors are modified by positive and negative punishments/reinforcements. B.F. Skinner referred to this as "operand behavior" and "respondent behavior".
Comparing and Contrasting:
When contrasting classical and instrumental conditioning, both are used to teach a response. Classical conditioning is a naturally occurring stimulus that is paired with a response. Then a previously neutral stimulus is paired with the naturally occurring stimulus. Eventually, the neutral stimulus comes to evoke the response without the presence of the naturally ocurring stimulus. Instrumental Conditioning uses a reward or punishment to try to increase or decrease the probability of a behavior happening again.
Example- page 683 in our book talks about it.
Comparing and Contrasting:
When contrasting classical and instrumental conditioning, both are used to teach a response. Classical conditioning is a naturally occurring stimulus that is paired with a response. Then a previously neutral stimulus is paired with the naturally occurring stimulus. Eventually, the neutral stimulus comes to evoke the response without the presence of the naturally ocurring stimulus. Instrumental Conditioning uses a reward or punishment to try to increase or decrease the probability of a behavior happening again.
Example- page 683 in our book talks about it.